Examining the Relationship Between Ethical Climate, Workplace Bullying, Organizational Justice, and Academic Job Satisfaction Among Criminology Instructors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69569/jip.2025.501Keywords:
Criminal justice, Criminology instructors, Ethical climate, Workplace bullying, Organizational justice, Academic job satisfactionAbstract
This study explored the relationship between ethical climate, workplace bullying, organizational justice, and academic job satisfaction among criminology instructors in CARAGA and Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Employing a non-experimental quantitative research design, data were gathered from 400 randomly selected full-time criminology instructors using a validated and modified survey instrument. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to examine the predictive relationships among variables. Results revealed a very high level of ethical climate, workplace bullying, and academic job satisfaction, along with a high level of organizational justice. The findings demonstrated statistically significant relationships among all variables, with ethical climate, workplace bullying, and organizational justice exerting positive and significant effects on academic job satisfaction. These findings offer critical implications for higher education institutions and policymakers. Strengthening the ethical climate and ensuring organizational justice can serve as strategic interventions to enhance instructor satisfaction and retention in criminology programs. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of institutional policies that proactively prevent and address workplace bullying. The results contribute to the growing body of knowledge on organizational behavior in the academic setting. They may inform CHED and school administrators about the development of faculty-centered policies and a more supportive work environment.
Downloads
References
Al Muharraq, E. H., Baker, O. G., & Alallah, S. M. (2022). The prevalence and the relationship of workplace bullying and nurses' turnover intentions: A cross-sectional study. SAGE open nursing, 8, 23779608221074655. https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608221074655
Creswell, J. W. (2021). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE Publications. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yckf7jau
Fauzan, H., & Sulaeman, D. (2024). Overcoming bullying in the educational environment: Prevention and intervention strategies in schools. Journal of English Language and Education, 9(4), 12-26. https://doi.org/10.62872/mkac5514
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503620766
Fishbein, Martin & Ajzen, Icek. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. 10.4324/9780203838020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203838020
Halliday, S., Gregory, T., Taylor, A., Digenis, C., & Turnbull, D. (2021). The impact of bullying victimization in early adolescence on subsequent psychosocial and academic outcomes across the adolescent period: A systematic review. Journal of school violence, 20(3), 351-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2021.1913598
Hayat, A., & Afshari, L. (2021). Supportive organizational climate: A moderated mediation model of workplace bullying and employee well-being. Personnel review, 50(7/8), 1685-1704. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-06-2020-0407
Jang, J., Lee, D. W., & Kwon, G. (2021). An analysis of the influence of organizational justice on organizational commitment. International Journal of Public Administration, 44(2), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1672185
Jia, K., Zhu, T., Zhang, W., Rasool, S. F., Asghar, A., & Chin, T. (2022). The linkage between ethical leadership, well-being, work engagement, and innovative work behavior: The empirical evidence from the higher education sector of China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(9), 5414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095414
Kebenei, P. J. (2023). The influence of organizational politics on lecturers' job performance in public universities in kenya. A case of the University of Nairobi (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2023.70802
Khan, J., Ali, A., & Nisar, H. G. (2021). Workplace bullying and intention to leave: The mediating role of emotional exhaustion. Business & Economic Review (2074-1693), 13(3). https://doi.org/10.22547/BER/13.3.5
Khoshnaw, S., & Alavi, H. (2020). Examining the interrelation between job autonomy and job performance: A critical literature review. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering, 3(1), 606-616. https://doi.org/10.2478/mape-2020-0051
Kim, H., Sefcik, J. S., & Bradway, C. (2017). Characteristics of qualitative descriptive studies: A systematic review. Research in Nursing & Health, 40(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21768
Kumar, P. (2024). The role of ethics and moral values in teaching: A comprehensive examination. Shodh Sari-an Int. Multidiscip. J, 3(01), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.59231/SARI7659
Lambert, E. G., Keena, L. D., Leone, M., May, D., & Haynes, S. H. (2020). The effects of distributive and procedural justice on job satisfaction and organizational commitment of correctional staff. The Social Science Journal, 57(4), 405-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2019.02.002
Le, P. B., & Nguyen, D. T. N. (2023). Stimulating knowledge-sharing behaviours through ethical leadership and employee trust in leadership: The moderating role of distributive justice. Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(3), 820-841. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2021-0462
Liang, H. L., & Yeh, T. K. (2020). The effects of employee voice on workplace bullying and job satisfaction: The mediating role of leader–member exchange. Management decision, 58(3), 569-582. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-01-2019-0112
Luzipho, N., Joubert, P. A., & Dhurup, M. (2023). Job stressors, work tension and job satisfaction of academics at a university in South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v21i0.2015
Mueller, M., Hancock, P. J., Cunningham, E. K., Watt, R. J., Carragher, D., & Bobak, A. K. (2024). Automated face recognition assists with low‐prevalence face identity mismatches but can bias users. British Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12745
Nyamugoro, C., Odiemo, L., & Wango, G. (2023). The relationship between workload and job satisfaction among high school teachers and their supervisors. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 24(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t7043
Pradesa, H. A., Tanjung, H., Agustina, I., & Salleh, N. S. N. M. (2023). Increasing proactive work behavior among teachers in Islamic senior high school: The role of ethical work climate and perceived organizational support. International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology, 4(2), 244-260. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijiep.v4i2.19911
Purwanto, A. (2020). The relationship of transformational leadership, organizational justice, and organizational commitment: a mediation effect of job satisfaction. Journal of Critical Reviews. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1112548
Quader, M. (2024). Exploring human resource management practices and employee satisfaction in Bangladesh's private banking sector. Journal of Policy Options, 7(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2024.123091
Rahman, M. H. A., & Karim, D. N. (2022). Organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating role of work engagement. Heliyon, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09450
Simon, E. (2024). Cultivating professional identity: The vital role of practical teaching experience for future educators. Education Sciences, 14(5), 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14050439
Suggala, S., Thomas, S., & Kureshi, S. (2021). Impact of workplace bullying on employees’ mental health and self-worth. The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being, 799-818. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30025-8_30
Donley J. The Impact of work environment on job satisfaction: Pre-COVID research to inform the future. Nurse Lead. 2021 Dec;19(6):585-589. Doi: 10.1016/j.mnl.2021.08.009. Epub 2021 Sep 4. PMID: 34512206; PMCID: PMC8416300.
Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes, and consequences of affective experiences at work. In B. M. Staw, & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior: An Annual Series of Analytical Essays and Critical Reviews (pp. 1-74). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Zakhidov, G. (2024). Ishlab chiqarish faoliyatini raqamlashtirishning tashkiliy iqtisodiy mexanizmlarini takomillashtirish. Yosh Tadqiqotchi Jurnali, 3(4), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.54613/ku.v10i10.895
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
