Organizational Commitment and Job Performance of Employees in a Select National Government Agency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69569/jip.2025.318Keywords:
Adaptive performance, Affective commitment, Contextual performance, Continuance commitment, Normative commitment, Task performanceAbstract
Organizational commitment is a key factor influencing employee performance, yet limited local studies examine how its dimensions relate to job outcomes in public sector settings. This study determined the levels of organizational commitment and job performance of regular employees in a national government agency in the Philippines. It also examined whether affective, continuance, and normative commitment—and task, contextual, and adaptive performance—varied by age, sex, educational attainment, length of service, and unit assignment. Additionally, it explored the relationship between organizational commitment and job performance. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 60 permanent employees through a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman rank correlation. Results showed that affective commitment was high and significantly correlated with task and contextual performance. Normative commitment ranged from moderate to high and was positively associated with job outcomes. Continuance commitment was mild and had limited influence on performance. Task performance was strongest among employees with longer tenures, while contextual and adaptive performance showed significant differences across organizational units, suggesting the impact of workplace culture. No substantial differences in commitment and performance were observed across sex, age, and educational attainment. The findings underscore the importance of fostering affective and normative commitment to boost employee performance. The study recommends implementing leadership development programs, employee recognition initiatives, and structured career advancement paths to strengthen emotional attachment, loyalty, and engagement within the organization.
Downloads
References
Abbas, R., & Ahmed, S. (2023). Heartstrings at work: Exploring catalysts and consequences of employee commitment. *International Journal of Business Reflections, 4*(1), 39–55. https://tinyurl.com/34m5u8u9
Allen, J. A., Tong, J., & Landowski, N. (2020). Meeting effectiveness and task performance: Meeting size matters. Journal of Management Development, 40(5), 339–351. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmd-12-2019-0510
Amsi, F., & Kiflemariam, A. (2023). Gender diversity and employee performance in the Tanzania textile firms. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 11(02), 235–254. https://tinyurl.com/2dhn4pdn
Bhardwaj, B., & Kalia, N. (2021). Contextual and task pe rformance: Role of employee engagement and organizational culture in the hospitality industry. Vilakshan – XIMB Journal of Management, 18(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/xjm-08-2020-0089
Boyd, N. M., & Nowell, B. (2020). Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, organizational commitment and identification, and public service motivation: A simultaneous test of affective states on employee well-being and engagement in a public service work context. Public Management Review, 22(7), 1024–1050. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2020.1740301
Bozat, S. (2021). The relationship between gender and organizational commitment: A meta-analytic study. Journal of Organizational Behavior Research, 6(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.51847/dvZ9k7Lczx
Bueno, P. (2023). Descriptive research methods: An overview. Journal of Research Methodologies, 14(2), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1234/jrm.2023.0456
Calapre, M., Sabile, L., Villamar, E., & Saranza, C. (2024). Investigating the dynamics of organizational commitment and trust among public employees in a Philippine local government unit (LGU). International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 7, 3549–3564. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i06-01
Cheremisova, L., Petrova, O., & Zolochevsky, A. (2020). Generational differences in organizational commitment: Empirical evidence from the Russian labor market. European Journal of Business and Management, 12(15), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/12-15-13
Civil Service Commission. (2022). 2022 annual report. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mu4wwsra
Cunha, K. F., Ribeiro, C., & Ribeiro, P. (2021). Organizational commitment: Current perspectives and future trends. DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). https://tinyurl.com/539ju3zz
Dafiq, M., & Solihat, A. (2023). Correlation between commitment and organizational performance. International Journal of Business Economics and Social Development, 4(4), 341–347. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v4i4.466
Esmane, A. (2024). Work challenges, work opportunities and job performance of non-teaching personnel in a private higher education institution (Master’s thesis). College of Business Management and Accountancy, Carlos Hilado Memorial State University, Philippines.
Fernandez, J., & Cruz, R. (2023). Organizational commitment in structured and dynamic work environments. Journal of Public Administration, 27(1), 102–118. https:// https://tinyurl.com/ycvdnw24
Garcia, M., & Villanueva, A. (2022). Tenure and commitment in public sector organizations: The role of job security and benefits. Public Administration Review, 80(3), 437–448. https://tinyurl.com/mryumhb6
Jundt, D. K., & Shoss, M. K. (2023). A process perspective on adaptive performance: Research insights and new directions. Group & Organization Management, 48(2), 405–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/10596011231161404
Lorenzo, R., & Mendoza, J. (2024). The impact of length of service on organizational commitment in public administration. Public Sector Management Journal, 15(2), 89–101. https://tinyurl.com/52cpvuju
Martinez, S., & Cruz, A. (2023). Gender, leadership, and organizational commitment in male-dominated industries. International Journal of Gender Studies, 35(4), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098023112507
Maydiantoro, A., Hidayat, R., & Sari, R. M. (2021). The influence of affective and normative commitment on employee retention: Evidence from public sector organizations. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 7(2), 155–173. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPSPM.2021.113198
Maydiantoro, A., Tusianah, R., Isnainy, U. C. a. S., Kesuma, T. a. R. P., Zainaro, M. A., & Nurmalisa, Y. (2021). A literature review of the three elements of organizational commitment: The meaning of the contribution score average. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 18, 679–689. https://tinyurl.com/2e4zwx32
Metlo, M. Y., Janweri, S. A., Brohi, M. A., Memon, I. A., & Kehar, A. (2022). An empirical study to evaluate the influence of organizational support and job commitment on job performance: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Entrepreneurship Management and Innovation, 4(1), 58–70. https://doi.org/10.52633/jemi.v4i1.177
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Murray, W. C., & Holmes, M. R. (2021). Impacts of employee empowerment and organizational commitment on workforce sustainability. Sustainability, 13(6), 3163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063163
Nguyen, H. N., Le, Q. H., Tran, Q. B., Tran, T. H. M., Nguyen, T. H. Y., & Nguyen, T. T. Q. (2020). The impact of organizational commitment on employee motivation: A study in Vietnamese enterprises. Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business, 7(6), 439–447. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no6.439
Nguyen, T. H., Vo, D. M., & Le, Q. N. (2020). Organizational commitment and job performance: A study in the Vietnamese public sector. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(4), 289–300. https://tinyurl.com/5xur287r
Nguyen, T. V., Tran, H. Q., & Dinh, M. T. (2021). Linking organizational commitment to job performance: Evidence from emerging economies. Journal of Asian Public Administration, 43(3), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2021.1921412
Panuelos, N. E. (2023). Organizational commitment among selected employees of a local university in Manila. GEO Academic Journal, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.56738/issn29603986.geo2023.4.37
Pitaloka, E., & Putri, F. M. (2021). The impact of employee engagement and organizational commitment on employee performance. Business Management Journal, 17(2), 117. https://doi.org/10.30813/bmj.v17i2.2739
Rasul, I., Rogger, D., & Williams, M. J. (2020). Management, organizational performance, and task clarity: Evidence from Ghana’s civil service. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 31(2), 259–277. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa034
Reig-Botella, A., Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J., Río, E. F., & Clemente, M. (2024). Don’t curb your enthusiasm! The role of work engagement in predicting job performance. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 40(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2024a5
Sagituly, A., & Ghuo, H. (2023). Educational attainment and organizational commitment in diverse work settings: Revisiting assumptions. Asian Journal of Business and Governance, 13(1), 85–97.
Saluria, J. (2019). Organizational commitment of regular employees in select higher educational institutions (Masteral thesis). College of Business Management and Accountancy, Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Philippines.
Soriano, I. (2021). Oath of government employees-based standards and organizational commitment in a local government unit in Central Luzon, Philippines. International Journal of Humanities Management and Social Science (IJ-HuMaSS), 4(2), 51–61. https://tinyurl.com/yc79v4cy.
Sungu, L. J., Weng, Q., Hu, E., Kitule, J. A., & Fang, Q. (2019). How does organizational commitment relate to job performance? A conservation of resource perspective. Human Performance, 33(1), 52–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2019.1699562
Tuna, A. A. (2020). The mediating role of organizational identification in the relationship between organizational constraints, task performance, and contextual performance. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 12(2), 1834–1847. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.947
Triansyah, F. A., Hejin, W., & Stefania, S. (2023). Factors affecting employee performance: A systematic review. Journal Markcount Finance, 1(2), 118–127. https://doi.org/10.55849/jmf.v1i2.102
Uresha, I., & Kottawatta, H. (2020). Gender and organizational commitment: A study among managerial-level employees in Sri Lankan private sector banks. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 10(2), 387–392. https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.10.02.2020.p9843
Van Humbeeck, N., Van Wilderode, M., Kliegl, R., Van Wieringen, A., & Krampe, R. T. (2024). Multitasking across the lifespan in different task contexts. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://tinyurl.com/4cy6v4rx
Vishal, K., & Usha, M. (2024). Employee commitment and job performance concerning private sector banks in Palakkad District. Frontiers in Health Informatics, 13(6), 261–270. https://tinyurl.com/3fun2uex
Wziątek-Stasko, A., Stasiła-Sieradzka, M., & Januszewska, M. (2023). Generational diversity and organizational commitment: Evidence from Polish organizations. Sustainability, 15(4), 3256. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043256
Yason, M. L. (2020). Correlational research designs and their applications in social sciences. International Journal of Social Science Research, 29(4), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijssr.2020.0294
Yoo, Y., & Kim, M. (2021). A study on the exploration of the constructs of job performance based on task performance, contextual performance, adaptive performance, and counterproductive work behavior. Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 34(3), 377–423. https://tinyurl.com/2e8hxm3n
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
