Abstract. Classroom management remains a key challenge for teachers as they navigate diverse student needs, evolving teaching methods, and technological advancements. This study examined the issues and challenges faced by teachers of San Francisco District, Agusan del Sur, Philippines, using an exploratory sequential research design. In this design, the study was conducted in two distinct but interconnected phases. The initial phase involved the collection and analysis of quantitative data using a structured survey administered to the respondents. The findings from this phase served as the basis for the second phase, which involved qualitative data collection through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The findings in quantitative method showed that teachers struggled with behavior management, discipline strategies, cultural competence, emotional climate, instructional management, student engagement, and communication, a high grand mean of 4.326. The physical environment with the lowest mean of 4.06 was the least challenging aspect, but it still required attention. In qualitative method the themes emerged, these identify key strategies employed by teachers to address these challenges, including fostering inclusive learning environments, promoting positive discipline, enhancing student-centered instruction, and advocating for diversity and equity. The results underscore the importance of adopting adaptive management strategies, promoting professional development, and securing policy support. To address these concerns, the study proposes a policy brief recommending the institutionalization of continuous professional development programs on modern classroom management techniques, the integration of digital tools in behavior and instruction management, and the creation of a supportive school culture that prioritizes learner-centered approaches. These policy directions aim to strengthen the capacity of educators to manage classrooms effectively and respond to the demands of 21st-century education. The study concludes that effective classroom management in modern settings requires a balanced combination of traditional discipline techniques and innovative, student-centered approaches responsive to current educational realities.

Keywords: Classroom management; Teacher challenges; Student engagement; Policy brief; Professional development.